هشدارها و علائم ایمنی
هشدارها و علائم ایمنی
برای اینکه بتوانیم در برخورد با مواد خطرناک، بخوبی از برچسب های ایمنی الصاق شده بر روی آنها استفاده کنیم باید با مفهوم شکل ها و حروف نشان داده شده در جدولهای زیر آشنا باشیم:
اختصارات مربوط به انواع خطرات (R-Phrases)
در حال حاضر در بسیاری از کشورها اطلاعات مربوط به مواد شیمیایی حاوی کد های مشخص کننده خطرات مواد (R Phrases) مانند R23 ، R45 و غیره هستند. معانی این کدها در زیر آمده است. (منبع: http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk)
- R1 Explosive when dry.
- R2 Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other source of ignition.
- R3 Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.
- R4 Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds.
- R5 Heating may cause an explosion.
- R6 Explosive with or without contact with air.
- R7 May cause fire.
- R8 Contact with combustible material may cause fire.
- R9 Explosive when mixed with combustible material.
- R10 Flammable.
- R11 Highly flammable.
- R12 Extremely flammable.
- R13 Extremely flammable liquefied gas
- R14 Reacts violently with water.
- R15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
- R16 Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances.
- R17 Spontaneously flammable in air.
- R18 In use, may form inflammable/explosive vapour-air mixture.
- R19 May form explosive peroxides.
- R20 Harmful by inhalation.
- R21 Harmful in contact with skin.
- R22 Harmful if swallowed.
- R23 Toxic by inhalation.
- R24 Toxic in contact with skin.
- R25 Toxic if swallowed.
- R26 Very toxic by inhalation.
- R27 Very toxic in contact with skin.
- R28 Very toxic if swallowed.
- R29 Contact with water liberates toxic gas.
- R30 Can become highly flammable in use.
- R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.
- R32 Contact with acid liberates very toxic gas.
- R33 Danger of cumulative effects.
- R34 Causes burns.
- R35 Causes severe burns.
- R36 Irritating to eyes.
- R37 Irritating to respiratory system.
- R38 Irritating to skin.
- R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects.
- R40 Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
- R41 Risk of serious damage to the eyes.
- R42 May cause sensitization by inhalation.
- R43 May cause sensitization by skin contact.
- R44 Risk of explosion if heated under confinement.
- R45 May cause cancer.
- R46 May cause heritable genetic damage.
- R47 May cause birth defects
- R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure.
- R49 May cause cancer by inhalation.
- R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
- R51 Toxic to aquatic organisms.
- R52 Harmful to aquatic organisms.
- R53 May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
- R54 Toxic to flora.
- R55 Toxic to fauna.
- R56 Toxic to soil organisms.
- R57 Toxic to bees.
- R58 May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment.
- R59 Dangerous to the ozone layer.
- R60 May impair fertility.
- R61 May cause harm to the unborn child.
- R62 Risk of impaired fertility.
- R63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.
- R64 May cause harm to breastfed babies.
- R65 Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed.
- R66 Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.
- R67 Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness.
- R68 Possible risk of irreversible effects.
- R1 Explosive when dry.
اختصارات مربوط به انواع توصیه های ایمنی (S-Phrases)
در حال حاضر در بسیاری از کشورها اطلاعات مربوط به مواد شیمیایی حاوی کد های مربوط به توصیه های ایمنی در مورد مواد (S Phrases) مانند S17 ، S2 و غیره هستند. معانی این کدها در زیر آمده است. (منبع: http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk)
- S1 Keep locked up.
- S2 Keep out of the reach of children.
- S3 Keep in a cool place.
- S4 Keep away living quarters.
- S5 Keep contents under ... (there follows the name of a liquid).
- S6 Keep under ... (there follows the name of an inert gas).
- S7 Keep container tightly closed.
- S8 Keep container dry.
- S9 Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
- S12 Do not keep the container sealed.
- S13 Keep away food, drink and animal foodstuffs.
- S14 Keep away ... (a list of incompatible materials will follow).
- S15 Keep away heat.
- S16 Keep away sources of ignition.
- S17 Keep away combustible material.
- S18 Handle and open container with care.
- S20 When using, do not eat or drink.
- S21 When using do not smoke.
- S22 Do not breathe dust.
- S23 Do not breathe vapour.
- S24 Avoid contact with skin.
- S25 Avoid contact with eyes.
- S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
- S27 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
- S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds.
- S29 Do not empty into drains.
- S30 Never add water to this product.
- S33 Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
- S35 This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way.
- S36 Wear suitable protective clothing.
- S37 Wear suitable gloves.
- S38 In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment.
- S39 Wear eye / face protection.
- S40 To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use .... (there follows suitable cleaning material).
- S41 In case of fire and / or explosion do not breathe fumes.
- S42 During fumigation / spraying wear suitable respiratory equipment.
- S43 In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
- S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
- S46 If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
- S47 Keep at temperature not exceeding...
- S48 To be kept wet with (there follows a material name).
- S49 Keep only in the original container.
- S50 Do not mix with ...
- S51 Use only in well ventilated areas.
- S52 Not recommended for interior use on large surface areas.
- S53 Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.
- S56 Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste collection point.
- S1 Keep locked up.